Introduction:
Public-private partnership is a crucial issue in the development process of a country. It is an emerging and potential issue in the developing countries like Bangladesh. Partnership is a dynamic issue and multi-factors are involved in the process. It is also called sharing management in development. Different culturing, values, politics and financial issues are included in the process.
Conceptual issues:
Public-Private partnership is a dynamic process in administration and now a days it is it is working as a bridge to make socio-economic development in the country. The concept of public-private partnership is a new concept in Bangladesh and it is much familiar in developed countries. Basically the concept comes from developed country. It was introduced in the United States in 1995 and the UK government introduced the concept in 1990 styled private finance initiatives.
It is a technique of shared culture in the process of management and capital. Public-private partnerships are about shared agendas and combined resources risks, rewards and linkage that can magnify scale, (UN foundation undated: 03).
According to UN Foundation, true public-private partnerships:-
Are voluntary and build on the respective strengths of each partner.
Optimize the allocation of resources.
Achieve mutually beneficial results over a sustained period.
Involve written agreement that specifies the purpose and duration of partnership, governances as well as exit arrangements.
Why partnership:
Public organizations are set up of provide public services through using public resources and private agencies are established to provide an attractive return on company resources by providing needed services to client and by making strategic investment decisions. Resources are basically limited in public agencies in compared with private agencies and objectively their moods of action are different. To minimize cost effectiveness and delivery of services partnerships are to be successive process in different development sectors. Now a days developed and developing countries emphasis on the process of partnership in education, health, transport and environment are used frequently and successfully.
Types of partnership:
Generally the public-private partnerships are to be two categories on the process of privatization process. It depends on objectives, nature and functions of the organizations. These are-
1. Restructuring of government organization is the process of privatization policy. Some public organizations are traditionally making losses in the commercial point of view ands their deliveries of services are poor due to inefficient management. Government is making contractual agreement of these organizations with private agencies to make them profitable and efficient. The Biman Bangladesh Limited, Chittagong Sea Port and some public banks are newly example of public-private partnership.
2. The second type of public-private partnership is based on origin of organization and aim of organization. The primary goal of this partnership is to make development on the basis of self perspective. Basically this type of partnership is project based and different foreign partners are involved in this process. The process of partnership is also contractual agreement and it depends on duration period. Some non governments and business and business organizations are working to make this partnership effective. NGO’s and donor agencies are working in Bangladesh as a partner to development in education, health and so on.
Benefits of Public-private partnership:
Public-private partnerships provide benefits by allocating the responsibilities to the party either public or private that is the best positioned to control the activity that will produce the desired result.
1. Expedited completion compares to conventional projects delivery methods.
2. Cost saving.
3. Improved quality and system performance from the use of innovative materials and management techniques.
4. Substitution of private resources and personal for constrained public resources.
5. Access to new sources of private capital.
Objectives of the study:
Public-private partnership is strategic tool in implementing economic policy of government. It plays important role in socio-economic development of the country. The government has taken different steps in various sectors to implement public-private partnership. The specific objectives of the study are-
1. To know about the conceptual issues of public-private partnerships and how these issues are working in Bangladesh.
2. The study ahs been discusses the role of actors in the implementation of public-private partnerships.
3. The affecting factors are evaluated in the study through analyzing the data.
4. To know the effectiveness of public-private partnership in Bangladesh and its constrains in the administrative process.
Conceptual framework:
The implementation of public-private partnership depends on the role of actors and some influential factors in management process. These two major issues are directly or indirectly connected to implementing public-private partnership. A framework is shown in the following diagram-
Actors in partnership
Public-private partnership in Bangladesh:- Role of actors and factors and factors in implementation:
1. Government: Governments are the principle actor of public-private partnership in a country and they are dominated actor in the process. The initiative of partnership is taken by government in order to necessity of the country. The people representative, bureaucracy and local authority/government are actors of government and they are playing important role in partnership process.
2. Private sector: Another important actor of partnership in involvement of private sectors in the management process. The public-private partnerships are to be meaningful when the specific private sectors make participation with public agencies in the contractual agreement. The private partnerships are business organizations, donor agencies and national or international NGO’s.
3. Civil society: Civil society is safeguard to a country and its role is important to build up the developing society. Public-private partnership is a policy matter and the involvement of civil society to this issue is also important. The role of civil society to public-private partnership is indirect. Civil society is called interest free group of the country and they are playing neutral role in different sectors of the country.
Influencing factors of implementation:
Factors are influential issues in implementing public-private partnership process. The factors may be socio-cultural, political, economic and administrative phenomena. The above factors directly or indirectly impacts on implementation of public-private partnership in Bangladesh. The factors are illustrated in the following way-
1. Political will: In the process of partnership making and implementing the factors of politics play dominated role in Bangladesh. Politics is the pre-condition to implement public-private partnership and it is influenced by political culture of the country. Political will is important to ensure partnership process.
2. Shared governance: The public-private partnership is shared value in the process of management. The governing management is based on partnership and human resources are come from both sides. The values, norms and ideas are shares by partnership management, each partners share with other in democratic way.
3. Capital/Economic management: Financial resource is a critical part in implementation of public-private partnership in a country. The responsibility of capital and investment is supported by each partner and risk is also shared equally. The share of capital is written in the agreement during the formation of public-private partnership.
4. Efficiency and Effectiveness: The public-private partnership is to be stronger when the system is efficient and effective. The efficiency means that the employees of both organizations are skilled and they can work in the challenging environment. And the term effectiveness means to work actively and properly. Both are related to each other.
5. Social responsibility: There is a social aspect of public-private partnership with the other objectives of the process. The partnership must be socially recognized and people are to be benefited from the system. Social acceptance is a fundamental issue is public-private partnership.
6. Trust building: Trust is important to form partnership as well as implementation. There are two or more parties in the process and the system will be developed by making trust each-other. It is a valuable source to implement the process.
7. Organization culture: Public-private partnership involves so many organization and groups and the pattern of behaviour is different from organization to organization. The organizational culture depends on the type of organizations an its work environment. Organizational culture is the social glue that binds members of the organization together.
8. Policy guidelines: The policy direction is a vital issues to implement the process. The partnership is to be effective when the policy of the process has been done accurately. The policy of a partnership program is being made on the basis of agreement of actors and the participating organizations. And the implementation of public-private partnership depends on the effective management and its strategies.
9. Training: Training enhances attitude, skill and capacity of employees in the organization. The public-private partnership needs to be developed by conducting different training schemes. Training is an essential part in implementing partnership process. It is a process to develop his/her skill in which employees can face the challenging situation.
10. Institutional capacity: Capacity building is particularly needed in the preparation of PPP projects that will attract bidders and assure a truly competitive outcome for the bidding process. The degree of institutional capacity depends on implementation of PPP and it is the vital factor in this process. Institutionalization means how it is organized in terms of formation, rules and regulation and it is recognized to society. The integration, trust building and co-operation of public and private sectors are highly needed to be institutionalized.
11. Supervision and management: The managerial supervision is a key factor to implement PPP. The effectiveness of partnership depends on proper supervision and management. There is a guideline to supervise the partnership process and each partner is responsive to ensure effective supervision.
12. Technical support: The implementation of PPP involves technical support both organizations and it is used as a sources of the process. The infrastructural development of partnership management needs technical support such as human, resources, materials and other equipment. It is used as a way to tackle the challenge of infrastructure development.
Conclusion:
PPP is a very dynamic and innovative process in developing as well as developed countries in the world. Now a days the issue is used in different sectors to make socio-economic development of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a developing country and the process of PPP is dynamic issue to make stronger zone. In this regard, the role of actors and factors in partnership management is ingredient.
Public-private partnership is a crucial issue in the development process of a country. It is an emerging and potential issue in the developing countries like Bangladesh. Partnership is a dynamic issue and multi-factors are involved in the process. It is also called sharing management in development. Different culturing, values, politics and financial issues are included in the process.
Conceptual issues:
Public-Private partnership is a dynamic process in administration and now a days it is it is working as a bridge to make socio-economic development in the country. The concept of public-private partnership is a new concept in Bangladesh and it is much familiar in developed countries. Basically the concept comes from developed country. It was introduced in the United States in 1995 and the UK government introduced the concept in 1990 styled private finance initiatives.
It is a technique of shared culture in the process of management and capital. Public-private partnerships are about shared agendas and combined resources risks, rewards and linkage that can magnify scale, (UN foundation undated: 03).
According to UN Foundation, true public-private partnerships:-
Are voluntary and build on the respective strengths of each partner.
Optimize the allocation of resources.
Achieve mutually beneficial results over a sustained period.
Involve written agreement that specifies the purpose and duration of partnership, governances as well as exit arrangements.
Why partnership:
Public organizations are set up of provide public services through using public resources and private agencies are established to provide an attractive return on company resources by providing needed services to client and by making strategic investment decisions. Resources are basically limited in public agencies in compared with private agencies and objectively their moods of action are different. To minimize cost effectiveness and delivery of services partnerships are to be successive process in different development sectors. Now a days developed and developing countries emphasis on the process of partnership in education, health, transport and environment are used frequently and successfully.
Types of partnership:
Generally the public-private partnerships are to be two categories on the process of privatization process. It depends on objectives, nature and functions of the organizations. These are-
1. Restructuring of government organization is the process of privatization policy. Some public organizations are traditionally making losses in the commercial point of view ands their deliveries of services are poor due to inefficient management. Government is making contractual agreement of these organizations with private agencies to make them profitable and efficient. The Biman Bangladesh Limited, Chittagong Sea Port and some public banks are newly example of public-private partnership.
2. The second type of public-private partnership is based on origin of organization and aim of organization. The primary goal of this partnership is to make development on the basis of self perspective. Basically this type of partnership is project based and different foreign partners are involved in this process. The process of partnership is also contractual agreement and it depends on duration period. Some non governments and business and business organizations are working to make this partnership effective. NGO’s and donor agencies are working in Bangladesh as a partner to development in education, health and so on.
Benefits of Public-private partnership:
Public-private partnerships provide benefits by allocating the responsibilities to the party either public or private that is the best positioned to control the activity that will produce the desired result.
1. Expedited completion compares to conventional projects delivery methods.
2. Cost saving.
3. Improved quality and system performance from the use of innovative materials and management techniques.
4. Substitution of private resources and personal for constrained public resources.
5. Access to new sources of private capital.
Objectives of the study:
Public-private partnership is strategic tool in implementing economic policy of government. It plays important role in socio-economic development of the country. The government has taken different steps in various sectors to implement public-private partnership. The specific objectives of the study are-
1. To know about the conceptual issues of public-private partnerships and how these issues are working in Bangladesh.
2. The study ahs been discusses the role of actors in the implementation of public-private partnerships.
3. The affecting factors are evaluated in the study through analyzing the data.
4. To know the effectiveness of public-private partnership in Bangladesh and its constrains in the administrative process.
Conceptual framework:
The implementation of public-private partnership depends on the role of actors and some influential factors in management process. These two major issues are directly or indirectly connected to implementing public-private partnership. A framework is shown in the following diagram-
Actors in partnership
Public-private partnership in Bangladesh:- Role of actors and factors and factors in implementation:
1. Government: Governments are the principle actor of public-private partnership in a country and they are dominated actor in the process. The initiative of partnership is taken by government in order to necessity of the country. The people representative, bureaucracy and local authority/government are actors of government and they are playing important role in partnership process.
2. Private sector: Another important actor of partnership in involvement of private sectors in the management process. The public-private partnerships are to be meaningful when the specific private sectors make participation with public agencies in the contractual agreement. The private partnerships are business organizations, donor agencies and national or international NGO’s.
3. Civil society: Civil society is safeguard to a country and its role is important to build up the developing society. Public-private partnership is a policy matter and the involvement of civil society to this issue is also important. The role of civil society to public-private partnership is indirect. Civil society is called interest free group of the country and they are playing neutral role in different sectors of the country.
Influencing factors of implementation:
Factors are influential issues in implementing public-private partnership process. The factors may be socio-cultural, political, economic and administrative phenomena. The above factors directly or indirectly impacts on implementation of public-private partnership in Bangladesh. The factors are illustrated in the following way-
1. Political will: In the process of partnership making and implementing the factors of politics play dominated role in Bangladesh. Politics is the pre-condition to implement public-private partnership and it is influenced by political culture of the country. Political will is important to ensure partnership process.
2. Shared governance: The public-private partnership is shared value in the process of management. The governing management is based on partnership and human resources are come from both sides. The values, norms and ideas are shares by partnership management, each partners share with other in democratic way.
3. Capital/Economic management: Financial resource is a critical part in implementation of public-private partnership in a country. The responsibility of capital and investment is supported by each partner and risk is also shared equally. The share of capital is written in the agreement during the formation of public-private partnership.
4. Efficiency and Effectiveness: The public-private partnership is to be stronger when the system is efficient and effective. The efficiency means that the employees of both organizations are skilled and they can work in the challenging environment. And the term effectiveness means to work actively and properly. Both are related to each other.
5. Social responsibility: There is a social aspect of public-private partnership with the other objectives of the process. The partnership must be socially recognized and people are to be benefited from the system. Social acceptance is a fundamental issue is public-private partnership.
6. Trust building: Trust is important to form partnership as well as implementation. There are two or more parties in the process and the system will be developed by making trust each-other. It is a valuable source to implement the process.
7. Organization culture: Public-private partnership involves so many organization and groups and the pattern of behaviour is different from organization to organization. The organizational culture depends on the type of organizations an its work environment. Organizational culture is the social glue that binds members of the organization together.
8. Policy guidelines: The policy direction is a vital issues to implement the process. The partnership is to be effective when the policy of the process has been done accurately. The policy of a partnership program is being made on the basis of agreement of actors and the participating organizations. And the implementation of public-private partnership depends on the effective management and its strategies.
9. Training: Training enhances attitude, skill and capacity of employees in the organization. The public-private partnership needs to be developed by conducting different training schemes. Training is an essential part in implementing partnership process. It is a process to develop his/her skill in which employees can face the challenging situation.
10. Institutional capacity: Capacity building is particularly needed in the preparation of PPP projects that will attract bidders and assure a truly competitive outcome for the bidding process. The degree of institutional capacity depends on implementation of PPP and it is the vital factor in this process. Institutionalization means how it is organized in terms of formation, rules and regulation and it is recognized to society. The integration, trust building and co-operation of public and private sectors are highly needed to be institutionalized.
11. Supervision and management: The managerial supervision is a key factor to implement PPP. The effectiveness of partnership depends on proper supervision and management. There is a guideline to supervise the partnership process and each partner is responsive to ensure effective supervision.
12. Technical support: The implementation of PPP involves technical support both organizations and it is used as a sources of the process. The infrastructural development of partnership management needs technical support such as human, resources, materials and other equipment. It is used as a way to tackle the challenge of infrastructure development.
Conclusion:
PPP is a very dynamic and innovative process in developing as well as developed countries in the world. Now a days the issue is used in different sectors to make socio-economic development of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a developing country and the process of PPP is dynamic issue to make stronger zone. In this regard, the role of actors and factors in partnership management is ingredient.
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